?
熟悉Linux環(huán)境編程的童鞋,對(duì)gcc一定不是很陌生,它可以高效地將C/C++代碼編譯成可執(zhí)行文件。在嵌入式開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域,gcc更是無(wú)比的強(qiáng)大,采用不同編譯平臺(tái)的gcc編譯器,對(duì)應(yīng)地就可以生成該平臺(tái)的bin文件。由于gcc功能強(qiáng)大,在編譯Linux內(nèi)核時(shí),gcc會(huì)是編譯器的首選。
熟悉編譯原理的童鞋對(duì)map文件一定很熟悉,但若是平時(shí)對(duì)底層編譯不是很清晰,或者主要開(kāi)發(fā)工作集中在應(yīng)用層的童鞋,可能對(duì)其了解就神乎其微了。這個(gè)時(shí)候,你就需要好好閱讀本文,了解下map文件了。本文要給大家分享生成map文件的方法,后續(xù)筆者會(huì)再寫(xiě)相關(guān)的文章介紹map文件的具體內(nèi)容。
假設(shè)我們有以下的測(cè)試源碼,功能很簡(jiǎn)單:
#include
static int test_function(int arg)
{
printf("This is a function called: %s\n", __func__);
return arg;
}
int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
test_function(0);
return 0;
}
通常我們要得到可執(zhí)行文件,我們會(huì)輸入編譯命令:
gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c
得到輸出結(jié)果,測(cè)試如下:
運(yùn)行結(jié)果完全符合我們的期望,編譯命令完成后,在當(dāng)前目錄下,生成了gcc_create_map_file這個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件。
但是,如果我們要編譯輸出可執(zhí)行文件的同時(shí),也得到可執(zhí)行文件對(duì)應(yīng)的map文件呢?我們可以這樣輸入編譯命令:
gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c -Wl,-Map=gcc.map
測(cè)試輸出,完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題:
?編輯
我們對(duì)比2個(gè)編譯命令可以發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)就是在原編譯命令的后面加上了 "-Wl,-Map=gcc.map";其中-Wl,是告訴gcc編譯器,這個(gè)是ld的選項(xiàng)參數(shù);而-Map=xxx.map就是指定map文件輸出的文件名稱,這個(gè)名稱xxx可以隨意定義,map文件的路徑可以是相對(duì)路徑,也可以是絕對(duì)路徑。以下就是map文件的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,后續(xù)會(huì)有文章對(duì)它進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,現(xiàn)在大家先有個(gè)感官認(rèn)識(shí)。
Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol)
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o (__libc_csu_init)
Discarded input sections
.note.GNU-stack
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0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
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0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
Memory Configuration
Name Origin Length Attributes
*default* 0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff
Linker script and memory map
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
LOAD /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
START GROUP
LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
LOAD /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
END GROUP
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__executable_start, 0x400000)
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OUTPUT(gcc_create_map_file elf64-x86-64)
好了,本文對(duì)使用gcc生成map文件的方法就介紹到這里了,如有疑問(wèn)的話,可以與博主聯(lián)系哦。
?審核編輯:湯梓紅
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