Linux NOR 開發指南
1 簡介
編寫目的
此文檔描述Sunxi NOR 模塊的使用方法,為相關人員調試提供指導
適用范圍
boot0: 適用于brandy-2.0
u-boot: 適用于u-boot-2018
kernel: 適用于linux-4.9/linux-5.4 內核
BSP 的開發人員、測試人員
2 模塊介紹
2.1 模塊功能介紹
Linux 中SPINOR 體系結構如下圖所示:
SPI NOR Framework:這層主要是處理不同廠家的NOR 物理特色差異,初始化SPINOR的工作狀態,如工作線寬(1 線、2 線、4 線、8 線)、有效地址位(16M 以上的NOR 需要使用4 地址模式),為上層MTD 提供讀寫擦接口。
對應代碼目錄:drivers/mtd/spi-nor/spi-nor.c
M25P80(generic SPI NOR controller driver):這層主要對SPI NOR Framework
層傳下來的數據封裝成msg,傳遞給SPI framework 層。
對應代碼目錄:drivers/mtd/devices/m25p80.c
SPI Framework:這層主要是將msg 加入ctl 的工作隊列中,啟動內核線程隊列,處理隊列
中的msg。
對應代碼目錄:drivers/spi/spi.c
SPI controller driver:這層初始化SPI 控制器頻率、時鐘模式、cs 有效電平、大小端等
配置,同時處理上層傳下來的msg,通過CPU/DMA 方式傳輸數據到FIFO,再傳輸給外設
SPINOR。
對應代碼目錄:drivers/spi/spi-sunxi.c
2.2 相關術語介紹
術語 | 解釋說明 |
---|---|
Sunxi | 指Allwinner 的一系列SOC 硬件平臺 |
SPI | Serial Peripheral Interface,同步串行外設接口 |
NOR Flash | NOR Flash 是一種非易失閃存技術,是Intel 在1988 年創建 |
MTD | MTD(memory technology device 內存技術設備) 是用于訪問memory 設備(ROM、flash)的Linux 的子系統 |
2.3 模塊配置介紹
2.3.1 longan 的配置和打包
./build.sh config
All available platform:
0. android
1. linux
Choice [linux]: 1
... //配置根據需求選擇
All available flash: //flash類型,只區分nor和非nor方案,Android方案無此選項,默認非nor
0. default
1. nor
Choice [default]: 1
打包普通固件
#./build.sh clean
#./build.sh
#./build.sh pack
打包卡打印固件
#./build.sh clean
#./build.sh
#./build.sh pack_debug
在配置的過程中會把平臺目錄下的BoardConfig.mk 的信息拷貝到.buildconfig 中。
2.3.2 sys_config 配置
SPINOR 的boot0 啟動階段,部分參數是從boot0 頭部獲取的,而這些參數是我們在打包固件時,通過工具update_boot0 將sys_config.fex 中[spinor_para],更新到boot0 頭部的,sys_config.fex 的[spinor_para] 配置參數如下:
[spinor_para]
;readcmd =0x6b
;read_mode =4
;write_mode =4
;flash_size =16
;delay_cycle =1
;frequency =100000000
;erase_size =64
;lock_flag =0
;sample_delay =0
;sample_mode =2
spi_sclk = port:PC00<4><0><2>
spi_cs = port:PC01<4><1><2>
spi0_mosi = port:PC02<4><0><2>
spi0_miso = port:PC03<4><0><2>
spi0_wp = port:PC04<4><0><2>
spi0_hold = port:PC05<4><0><2>
其中:
readcmd:boot0 用于讀取數據的命令,不填默認用uboot 傳遞過來的readcmd
read_mode、write_mode:boot0 的工作線寬(1、2、4),不填默認更加readcmd 決
定線寬
flash_size:flash 的大小
delay_cycle:boot0 的采樣延時配置,大于60MHZ 配置為1,小于24MHZ 配置為2,
大于24MHZ 小于60HZ 配置為3
frequency:boot0 的SPI 工作頻率,不填使用默認值50M
erase_size:boot0 的擦除單位
lock_flag:鎖功能是否打開
sample_delay:boot0 的細調采樣的采樣延時,uboot、kernel 也會用到,默認不填等于
0xaaaaffff
sample_mode:boot0 的細調采樣的采樣模式,uboot、kernel 也會用到,默認不填等于
0xaaaaffff
spi_sclk、spi_cs、spi0_mosi、spi0_miso、spi0_wp 和spi0_hold 用于配置相應的GPIO。
2.3.3 UBOOT 配置
2.3.3.1 編譯和配置
#make clean
#make sun8iw19p1_nor_config ----啟動的uboot (#make sun8iw19p1_config----燒寫uboot)
#make -j32
2.3.3.2 Menuconfig 配置
#cd brandy/brandy-2.0/u-boot-2018
#make menuconfig
進入Device Drivers
Device Drivers ----> [*]SPI Suppport ----> [*]Sunxi flash support ---->
進入SPI Support
Device Drivers ----> [*]SPI Suppport ----> [*]Sunxi SPI driver
進入sunxi_flash_support
Device Drivers ----> [*]Sunxi flash support ----> [*]Support sunxi spinor devices
2.3.4 KERNEL 配置
2.3.4.1 SPINOR-驅動配置
#cd kernel/liunx-4.9 #make ARCH=arm menuconfig
進入Device Drivers
Device Drivers ----> <*>Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ----> [*]SPI support ---->
進入Menory Technology Device(MTD) support
Device Drivers ----> <*>Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ----> <*>SUNXI partitioning support <*>Direct char device access to MTD devices <*>Caching block device access to MTD devices Self-contained MTD device drivers ----> SPI-NOR device support ---->
進入Self-contained MTD device drivers(5.4 內核不需要選擇此項)
Device Drivers ----> <*>Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ----> Self-contained MTD device drivers ----> <*>Support most SPI Flash chips (AT16DF, M25P.....)
2.3.4.2 cmdline 方式選擇
Boot opttions ---->
進入Boot options
Boot opttions ----> Kernel command line type ---->
進入kernel command line type
Boot opttions ----> Kernel command line type ----> (X)Use bootloade kernel arguments if available
2.3.4.3 文件系統配置
進入File systems
File system ----> [*]Miscellaneous filesystems ---->
? 進入Miscellaneous filesystems ? Incluede support for ZLIB compressed file systems (NEW) ? Incluede support for LZ4 compressed file systems (NEW) ? Incluede support for LZO compressed file systems (NEW) ? Incluede support for XZ compressed file systems (NEW)
File system ----> [*]Miscellaneous filesystems ----> [*]Incluede support for XZ compressed file systems (NEW)(壓縮方式選擇如下)
以上的壓縮方式(ZLIB/LZ4/LZO/XZ)具體選擇哪一種需要根據longan/build/mkcmd.sh 中如下代碼使用的壓縮方式而定,如下代碼使用的是gzip 壓縮方式,則內核File systems 中配置需選擇LZO 壓縮方式,若使用的是xz, 則需選擇XZ 壓縮方式。
${ROOTFS} ${LICHEE_PLAT_OUT}/rootfs.squashfs -root-owned -no-progress -comp gzip -noappend
2.4 源碼目錄介紹
2.4.1 UBOOT 源碼目錄
u-boot-2018drivers ├──sunxi_flash ---sunxi_flash的初始化/退出/讀/寫/擦除等flash接口 ├─mmc ---mmc接口代碼 ├─nand ---nand接口代碼 ├─spinor ---spi nor接口代碼 ├─sunxi_flash.c ---sunxi_flash操作接口 └──其他 ├── spi --sunxi_spi的接口代碼 ├─sunxi_spi.c ---具體代碼的實現 ├──mtd ├─spi ├─sf_probe.c ---nand接口代碼 ├─spinor ---spi nor接口代碼 ├─sunxi_flash.c ---sunxi_flash
2.4.2 KERNEL 源碼目錄
longankernellinux-4.9drivers ├── mtd ├─spi-nor ├─spi-nor.c ---spi nor驅動代碼 └──其他 ├── spi --spi的接口代碼 └── makefile ---編譯文件 版
3 接口描述
3.1 驅動物理層接口
3.1.1 spi_nor_erase
static int spi_nor_erase(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info *instr)
description:mtd erase interface @mtd: MTD device structure @instr: erase operation descrition structure return:success return 0,fail return fail code**
3.1.2 spi_nor_read
static int spi_nor_read(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len, size_t *retlen, u_char *buf)
description:mtd read interface @mtd:MTD device structure @from: offset to read from MTD device @len: data len @retlen: had read data len @buf: data buffer return:success return max_bitflips,fail return fail code**
3.1.3 spi_nor_write
static int spi_nor_write(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len, size_t *retlen, const u_char *buf)
description:mtd write data interface @to: offset to MTD device @len: want write data len @retlen:return the writen len @buf: data buffer return: success return 0, fail return code fail
3.1.4 spi_nor_lock
static int spi_nor_lock(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len) description:check block is badblock or not
@mtd:MTD device structure @ofs: offset the mtd device start (align to simu block size) @len:The length of the operating return: success return 0, fail return code fail
3.1.5 spi_nor_unlock
static int spi_nor_unlock(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len) description:check block is badblock or not
@mtd:MTD device structure @ofs: offset the mtd device start (align to simu block size) @len:The length of the operating return: success return 0, fail return code fail
3.1.6 spi_nor_is_locked
static int spi_nor_is_locked(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len) description:check block is badblock or not
@mtd:MTD device structure @ofs: offset the mtd device start (align to simu block size) @len:The length of the operating return: Is lock return 1, else return 0
3.1.7 spi_nor_has_lock_erase
static int spi_nor_has_lock_erase(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info *instr)
description:mtd has lock erase interface,First unlock to operate space, after the completion of the flash lock up @mtd: MTD device structure @instr: erase operation descrition structure return:success return 0,fail return fail code
3.1.8 spi_nor_has_lock_write
static int spi_nor_has_lock_write(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len, size_t *retlen, const u_char *buf)
description:mtd has lock write data interface,First unlock to operate space, after the completion of the flash lock up @to: offset to MTD device @len: want write data len @retlen:return the writen len @buf: data buffer return: success return 0, fail return code fail
3.2 Uboot 應用接口
3.2.1 sunxi_flash_spinor_probe
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_probe(void)
description:SPINOR initialization,Set the storage type。 return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.2 sunxi_flash_spinor_init
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_init(int boot_mode, int res)
description:SPINOR initialization。 @boot_mode:Working mode @res:The default is 0 return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.3 sunxi_flash_spinor_exit
int sunxi_flash_spinor_exit(void)
description:Release registration is a resource for applications. return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.4 sunxi_flash_spinor_write
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_write(uint start_block, uint nblock, void *buffer)
description:mtd write data interface. @start_block:want write start sector @nblock:want write sectorcount @buffer:data buffer
return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.5 sunxi_flash_spinor_write
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_write(uint start_block, uint nblock, void *buffer)
description:mtd readdata interface. @start_block:want read start sector @nblock:want read sector count @buffer:data buffer return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.6 sunxi_flash_spinor_erase
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_erase(int erase, void *mbr_buffer)
description:erase boot || partition data. @erase:erase flag @buffer:The default is NULL return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.7 sunxi_flash_spinor_force_erase
int sunxi_flash_spinor_force_erase(void)
description:erase boot & partition data. return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.8 sunxi_flash_spinor_flush
int sunxi_flash_spinor_flush(void)
description:Flush physical cache data to flash.
return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.9 sunxi_flash_spinor_download_spl
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_download_spl(unsigned char *buf, int len, unsigned int ext)
description:write boot0. @buf:boot0 data buffer @len:boot0 data len @ext:storage type return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
3.2.10 sunxi_flash_spinor_download_toc
static int sunxi_flash_spinor_download_toc(unsigned char *buf, int len, unsigned int ext)
description:write uboot. @buf:uboot data buffer @len:uboot data len @ext:storage type return:zero on success, else a negative error code.
4 使用例子
4.1 uboot shell 使用
4.1.1 sunxi_flash
mem_addr:內存地址,0x40000000 之后可以隨便選取如:0x45000000,0x46000000 part_name:分區文件名,boot-resource、env、boot、rootfs size:可以省略,默認讀取整個分區文件
sunxi_flash read [size] 讀取flash 中的分區文件到內存中 例:使用sunxi_flash read 命令將boot 分區讀入到0x49000000 中,然后使用md 命令讀取 0x49000000 中的內容。
驗證方法:
0x49000000 讀入前與讀入后數據有沒有發生變化
在out/pack_out 目錄下找到對應的分區文件,使用hexdump -Cv boot.fex -n 500 命 令輸出分區文件的數據,對比一致即讀入成功。
sunxi_flash write [size] 將內存中的數據,寫入到分區中 例: 1)使用mm 命令修改內存內容
2)使用sunxi_flash write 0x44000000 env 將內存中的數據寫入env 分區
3)重新將env 分區讀入內存中,對比一致表示寫入成功
審核編輯:湯梓紅
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