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早些時間，小編想把PID控制器優化部分通過Py Qt來實現用戶界面化，不過看著窗口一堆參數，有點發怵：這玩意誰用啊？

參考《PID控制器參數自動優化示例和比較》

后來就擱置了。在通過Python以及YOLO來檢測圖中或者視頻中的各種物體以及人物的時候，就會考慮：全部用代碼來輸出的？怎么通過一個簡單直觀的窗口界面來測試相應的功能？我覺得要再試一下，哪怕是最簡單的方式呈現。這便是這篇文章的目的所在。我們通過YOLO現成的各種檢測模塊，實現：

圖中物體的識別檢測

檢出物體的區域分割

人體姿態的檢測

還有其他的檢測功能，感覺功能有重疊，就選了上面的三個功能簡單地集成到一個windows的因為分類的功能只是軟件界面中。以下圖片均有AI生成，但是人體姿態檢測的結果可能看不清楚輸出。

按照我們之前的慣例，先提供結果，后提供代碼。

[1]物體檢測

[2]物體分割

[3]姿態檢測

我們可以自己嘗試運行一下。

# This program is part of a project developed by Amphenol Sensors.
#Copyright(C)2024,Leo Lu
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see .


import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QLabel, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QWidget, 
                             QFileDialog, QComboBox, QHBoxLayout)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap, QImage
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import cv2
import numpy as np
import random


from ultralytics import YOLO
from ultralytics.models.yolo.pose.predict import PosePredictor


class YOLOInterface(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()


        self.initUI()
        self.model_detec = YOLO('./yolo_models/yolo11s.pt')
        self.model_seg = YOLO('./yolo_models/yolo11s-seg.pt')
        self.model_bd = './yolo_models/yolo11s-pose.pt'
        self.connections = ((2, 4), (1, 3), (10, 8), (8, 6), (6, 5), (5, 7), (7, 9), 
                            (6, 12), (12, 14), (14, 16), (5, 11), (11, 13), (13, 15))


    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('YOLO 圖像檢測')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 1200, 600)
        self.setFixedSize(1200, 600)
        # 主布局
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout()


        # 圖像顯示布局
        image_layout = QHBoxLayout()


        self.image_label = QLabel(self)
        self.image_label.setFixedSize(600, 400)
        self.image_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        image_layout.addWidget(self.image_label)


        self.result_label = QLabel(self)
        self.result_label.setFixedSize(600, 400)
        self.result_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        image_layout.addWidget(self.result_label)


        main_layout.addLayout(image_layout)


        # 控制布局
        control_layout = QHBoxLayout()


        self.detect_button = QPushButton('選擇圖片', self)
        self.detect_button.clicked.connect(self.load_image)
        control_layout.addWidget(self.detect_button)


        self.yolo_combo = QComboBox(self)
        self.yolo_combo.addItems(['物體檢測', '物體分割', '人體姿態識別'])  # 假設在此處添加不同的YOLO任務
        control_layout.addWidget(self.yolo_combo)


        self.run_button = QPushButton('開始檢測', self)
        self.run_button.clicked.connect(self.run_yolo)
        control_layout.addWidget(self.run_button)


        self.quit_button = QPushButton('退出', self)
        self.quit_button.clicked.connect(self.close_application)
        control_layout.addWidget(self.quit_button)


        main_layout.addLayout(control_layout)
        self.setLayout(main_layout)


    def load_image(self):
        options = QFileDialog.Options()
        file_name, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "選擇圖片文件", "", "Images (*.png *.jpg *.bmp)", options=options)
        if file_name:
            self.current_image = file_name
            pixmap = QPixmap(file_name)
            scaled_pixmap = pixmap.scaled(self.image_label.size(), Qt.KeepAspectRatio)
            self.image_label.setPixmap(scaled_pixmap)


    def plot_keypoints(self, image, keypoints, line_color=(60, 179, 113), point_color=(255, 0, 0),
                   offset=(0, 0), show_idx=False):
        if keypoints is None:
            return image
        
        for data in keypoints.xy:
            if len(data) == 0:
                continue
            # Draw connections between keypoints
            for start_index, end_index in self.connections:
                start_point, end_point = data[start_index], data[end_index]
                if all(start_point[:2] > 0) and all(end_point[:2] > 0):  # Ignore invalid points
                    cv2.line(image, 
                             tuple(map(lambda v, o: int(v + o), start_point[:2], offset)), 
                             tuple(map(lambda v, o: int(v + o), end_point[:2], offset)), 
                             line_color, 2)
            # Draw keypoints
            for index, (x, y) in enumerate(data[:, :2]):
                if x > 0 or y > 0:  # Ignore invalid points
                    cv2.circle(image, 
                               (int(x + offset[0]), int(y + offset[1])), 
                               5, point_color, -1)
                    if show_idx:
                        cv2.putText(image, 
                                    str(index), 
                                    (int(x + offset[0]), int(y + offset[1])), 
                                    cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, point_color, 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
    
        return image


    def run_yolo(self):
        if hasattr(self, 'current_image'):
            img = cv2.imread(self.current_image)
            
            # YOLO推理示例:
            task = self.yolo_combo.currentText()
            if task =='物體檢測':
                #model = self.model_detec #YOLO('yolo11s.pt')
                results = self.model_detec(img)
                
                for result in results:
                    boxes = result.boxes                # Pseudo-code; adjust based on actual library


                    for box in boxes:
                        x1, y1, x2, y2 = box.xyxy[0]    # Extracting the bounding box coordinates
                        class_name = self.model_detec.names[int(box.cls[0])]  # Using class_id to get class_name from model
                        confidence = box.conf.item()
                        cv2.rectangle(img, (int(x1), int(y1)), (int(x2), int(y2)), (0, 255, 0), 2)
                        txt_y_pos = int(y1) - 10
                        if txt_y_pos <= 10:
                            txt_y_pos = int(y2) - 10
                        
                        class_name = class_name + " "+ "{:.2g}".format(confidence)
                        cv2.putText(img, class_name, (int(x1), txt_y_pos), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.9, (0, 255, 0), 2)


            elif task =='物體分割':
                #model = YOLO('yolo11s-seg.pt')
                results = self.model_seg(img)
                
                # Prepare an overlay image with the same dimensions
                overlay = img.copy()
                
                for result in results:
                    boxes = result.boxes  # Pseudo-code; adjust based on actual library
                    masks = result.masks
                    names = result.names
                    for box, mask in zip(boxes, masks):
                        for cls, contour in zip(box.cls, mask.xy):
                            class_id = cls.item()  # Get scalar from tensor
                            class_name = names[class_id]
                            #print(class_name)
                            #print(cv2.contourArea(contour))  # Calculate contour area
                            
                            # Generate a random color
                            color = [random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(3)]
                            
                            # Fill the contour on the overlay with the random color
                            cv2.drawContours(overlay, [contour.astype(np.int32)], -1, color, thickness=cv2.FILLED)
                # Define the alpha (transparency factor)
                alpha = 0.4  # Value between 0 (transparent) and 1 (opaque)
                
                # Blend the overlay with the original image
                """
                Parameters
                overlay (src1):


                This is the first input array (image).
                In your context, this represents the overlay image, which typically contains modifications like semi-transparent masks drawn over contours.
                
                alpha:
                This is the weight of the first array (image).
                It controls the opacity of the overlay. A value closer to 1 makes the overlay more prominent, while a value closer to 0 makes it less prominent.
                
                img (src2):
                This is the second input array (image).
                It represents the original image onto which the overlay is being applied.
                
                1 - alpha (beta):
                This is the weight of the second array (image).
                Complementary to alpha, it controls the visibility of the original image. A value closer to 1 makes the original image more visible, while closer to 0 makes it less visible.
                
                0 (gamma):
                A scalar added to each sum.
                Typically set to 0 when blending for direct overlay purposes without additional brightness adjustment.
                
                img (dst):
                The destination array where the output is stored.
                It uses the same variable as the original image, implying that the blended result will overwrite this variable.
                """
                cv2.addWeighted(overlay, alpha, img, 1 - alpha, 0, img)


            elif task == '人體姿態識別':
                #model = YOLO('yolo11s-pose.pt')
                #results = model(img)
                
                overrides_Body_pose = {
                    "task": "pose",
                    "mode": "predict",
                    "model": self.model_bd,        #'yolo11s-pose.pt'
                    "verbose": False,
                    "classes": [0],
                    "iou": 0.5,
                    "conf": 0.3
                    }


                predictor_ren_pose = PosePredictor(overrides=overrides_Body_pose)
                pose_ren = predictor_ren_pose(img)[0]
                
                img = self.plot_keypoints(img, pose_ren.keypoints)
                
            # Convert the image to a format suitable for PyQt
            height, width, channel = img.shape
            bytes_per_line = 3 * width
            q_image = QImage(img.data, width, height, bytes_per_line, QImage.Format_RGB888).rgbSwapped()
            pixmap = QPixmap.fromImage(q_image)
            self.display_results(pixmap)


    def display_results(self, pixmap):
        scaled_pixmap = pixmap.scaled(self.result_label.size(), Qt.KeepAspectRatio)
        self.result_label.setPixmap(scaled_pixmap)


    def close_application(self):
        self.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = YOLOInterface()
    ex.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())