實際業務開發過程中,業務邏輯可能非常復雜,核心業務 + N個子業務。如果都放到一塊兒去做,代碼可能會很長,耦合度不斷攀升,維護起來也麻煩,甚至頭疼。還有一些業務場景不需要在一次請求中同步完成,比如郵件發送、短信發送等。
MQ 確實可以解決這個問題,但 MQ 重啊,非必要不提升架構復雜度。針對這些問題,我們了解一下 Spring Event。
Spring Event 同步使用
Spring Event(Application Event)其實就是一個觀察者設計模式,一個 Bean 處理完成任務后希望通知其它 Bean 或者說一個 Bean 想觀察監聽另一個Bean 的行為。
Spring Event 用來解耦業務真的賊好用!
Demo 地址:https://gitee.com/csps/mingyue-springboot-learning
1.自定義事件
定義事件,繼承?ApplicationEvent?的類成為一個事件類
import?lombok.Data; import?lombok.ToString; import?org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent; /** ?*?@author?Strive ?*?@date?2022/4/22?18:00 ?*?@description ?*/ @Data @ToString public?class?OrderProductEvent?extends?ApplicationEvent?{ ??/**?該類型事件攜帶的信息?*/ ??private?String?orderId; ??public?OrderProductEvent(Object?source,?String?orderId)?{ ????super(source); ????this.orderId?=?orderId; ??} }
2.定義監聽器
監聽并處理事件,實現?ApplicationListener?接口或者使用?@EventListener?注解
import?com.csp.mingyue.event.events.OrderProductEvent; import?lombok.SneakyThrows; import?lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import?org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener; import?org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** ?*?實現?ApplicationListener?接口,并指定監聽的事件類型 ?* ?*?@author?Strive ?*?@date?2022/4/24?09:09 ?*?@description ?*/ @Slf4j @Component public?class?OrderProductListener?implements?ApplicationListener?{ ??/**?使用?onApplicationEvent?方法對消息進行接收處理?*/ ??@SneakyThrows ??@Override ??public?void?onApplicationEvent(OrderProductEvent?event)?{ ????String?orderId?=?event.getOrderId(); ????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????Thread.sleep(2000); ????long?end?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("{}:校驗訂單商品價格耗時:({})毫秒",?orderId,?(end?-?start)); ??} }
3.定義發布者
發布事件,通過?ApplicationEventPublisher?發布事件
import?com.csp.mingyue.event.events.OrderProductEvent; import?lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import?lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import?org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import?org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** ?*?@author?Strive ?*?@date?2022/4/24?09:25 ?*?@description ?*/ @Slf4j @Service @RequiredArgsConstructor public?class?OrderService?{ ??/**?注入ApplicationContext用來發布事件?*/ ??private?final?ApplicationContext?applicationContext; ??/** ???*?下單 ???* ???*?@param?orderId?訂單ID ???*/ ??public?String?buyOrder(String?orderId)?{ ????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????//?1.查詢訂單詳情 ????//?2.檢驗訂單價格?(同步處理) ????applicationContext.publishEvent(new?OrderProductEvent(this,?orderId)); ????//?3.短信通知(異步處理) ????long?end?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("任務全部完成,總耗時:({})毫秒",?end?-?start); ????return?"購買成功"; ??} }
4.單測執行
import?org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import?org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; /** ?*?@author?Strive ?*?@date?2022/4/24?09:28 ?*?@description ?*/ @SpringBootTest public?class?OrderServiceTest?{ ??@Autowired?private?OrderService?orderService; ??@Test ??public?void?buyOrderTest()?{ ????orderService.buyOrder("732171109"); ??} }
執行結果如下:
2022-04-24?10:13:17.535??INFO?44272?---?[???????????main]?c.c.m.e.listener.OrderProductListener????:?732171109:校驗訂單商品價格耗時:(2008)毫秒 2022-04-24?10:13:17.536??INFO?44272?---?[?????????? main] c.c.mingyue.event.service.OrderService ??:?任務全部完成,總耗時:(2009)毫秒
Spring Event 異步使用
有些業務場景不需要在一次請求中同步完成,比如郵件發送、短信發送等。
1.自定義事件
import?lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import?lombok.Data; /** ?*?@author?Strive ?*?@date?2022/4/24?10:18 ?*?@description ?*/ @Data @AllArgsConstructor public?class?MsgEvent?{ ??/**?該類型事件攜帶的信息?*/ ??public?String?orderId; }
2.定義監聽器
推薦使用?@EventListener?注解
import?com.csp.mingyue.event.events.MsgEvent; import?lombok.SneakyThrows; import?lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import?org.springframework.context.event.EventListener; import?org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** ?*?@author?Strive ?*?@date?2022/4/24?10:20 ?*?@description ?*/ @Slf4j @Component public?class?MsgListener?{ ??@SneakyThrows ??@EventListener(MsgEvent.class) ??public?void?sendMsg(MsgEvent?event)?{ ????String?orderId?=?event.getOrderId(); ????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("開發發送短信"); ????log.info("開發發送郵件"); ????Thread.sleep(4000); ????long?end?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("{}:發送短信、郵件耗時:({})毫秒",?orderId,?(end?-?start)); ??} }
3.定義發布者
/** ??*?下單 ??* ??*?@param?orderId?訂單ID ??*/ public?String?buyOrder(String?orderId)?{ ????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????//?1.查詢訂單詳情 ????//?2.檢驗訂單價格?(同步處理) ????applicationContext.publishEvent(new?OrderProductEvent(this,?orderId)); ????//?3.短信通知(異步處理) ????applicationContext.publishEvent(new?MsgEvent(orderId)); ????long?end?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("任務全部完成,總耗時:({})毫秒",?end?-?start); ????return?"購買成功"; }
4.單測執行(同步)
@Test public?void?buyOrderTest()?{ ????orderService.buyOrder("732171109"); }
執行結果如下:
2022-04-24?10:24:13.905??INFO?54848?---?[???????????main]?c.c.m.e.listener.OrderProductListener????:?732171109:校驗訂單商品價格耗時:(2004)毫秒 2022-04-24?10:24:13.906??INFO?54848?---?[???????????main]?c.c.mingyue.event.listener.MsgListener???:?開發發送短信 2022-04-24?10:24:13.907??INFO?54848?---?[???????????main]?c.c.mingyue.event.listener.MsgListener???:?開發發送郵件 2022-04-24?10:24:17.908??INFO?54848?---?[???????????main]?c.c.mingyue.event.listener.MsgListener???:?732171109:發送短信、郵件耗時:(4002)毫秒 2022-04-24?10:24:17.908??INFO?54848?---?[?????????? main] c.c.mingyue.event.service.OrderService ??:?任務全部完成,總耗時:(6008)毫秒
5.開啟異步
啟動類增加?@EnableAsync?注解
@EnableAsync @SpringBootApplication public?class?MingYueSpringbootEventApplication?{ ??public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{ ????SpringApplication.run(MingYueSpringbootEventApplication.class,?args); ??} }
Listener?類需要開啟異步的方法增加?@Async?注解
@Async @SneakyThrows @EventListener(MsgEvent.class) public?void?sendMsg(MsgEvent?event)?{ ????String?orderId?=?event.getOrderId(); ????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("開發發送短信"); ????log.info("開發發送郵件"); ????Thread.sleep(4000); ????long?end?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????log.info("{}:發送短信、郵件耗時:({})毫秒",?orderId,?(end?-?start)); }
6.單測執行(異步)
發送短信的線程顯示?task-1,主線程結束后(總耗時:(2017)毫秒)控制臺停止打印了
2022-04-24?10:30:59.002??INFO?59448?---?[???????????main]?c.c.m.e.listener.OrderProductListener????:?732171109:校驗訂單商品價格耗時:(2009)毫秒 2022-04-24?10:30:59.009??INFO?59448?---?[?????????? main] c.c.mingyue.event.service.OrderService ??:?任務全部完成,總耗時:(2017)毫秒 2022-04-24?10:30:59.028??INFO?59448?---?[?????????task-1]?c.c.mingyue.event.listener.MsgListener???:?開發發送短信 2022-04-24?10:30:59.028??INFO?59448?---?[?????????task-1]?c.c.mingyue.event.listener.MsgListener???:?開發發送郵件
? 編輯:黃飛
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