低噪聲放大器最大限度地提高接收機(jī)靈敏度

　　在每個(gè)射頻接收系統(tǒng)，如那些在基站，發(fā)現(xiàn)手機(jī)、GPS、無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)接口，和其他應(yīng)用中，低噪聲放大器（LNA）可用于具有較高的內(nèi)部噪聲水平更換放大器提高信噪比。這些系統(tǒng)中的噪聲信號(hào)來(lái)自外部源（外部）和內(nèi)部電路組件源（內(nèi)在），表現(xiàn)出設(shè)計(jì)者可以計(jì)算和補(bǔ)償?shù)奶匦浴Ｍ獠吭肼曉纯梢员贿^(guò)濾，以提供更清潔的信號(hào)給放大器，通過(guò)精心設(shè)計(jì)和選擇放大器，信號(hào)噪聲比（SNR）可以最大化。

　　噪聲系數(shù)（NF）是描述信號(hào)鏈中放大器提供的附加噪聲量的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。噪聲會(huì)降低模擬信號(hào)或數(shù)字通信系統(tǒng)的比特和幀錯(cuò)誤率。在雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中，接收機(jī)噪聲會(huì)限制雷達(dá)的有效范圍。理想情況下，設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)該優(yōu)化總體信噪比，以提供最佳的系統(tǒng)性能。噪聲系數(shù)定義為噪聲因子F，表示分貝［ NF = 10×日志（F）］，與F定義為（Si／Ni）/（/無(wú)），比信噪比在輸入信噪比在輸出。

　　All amplifiers have some amount of thermal noise and other types of noise that they add to the signal they are trying to amplify. And since most RF signals are relatively weak when they reach the receiving antenna， the amplification process should introduce as little noise as possible to deliver the cleanest signal to the rest of the system. In many applications， multiple gain stages are cascaded to greatly improve the signal strength. The Friss equation shows that the noise figure， F1， of the first receiver stage dominates the added noise， and subsequent stages have progressively lower impact on the total noise.