毫米尺度能量采集傳感器

　　本文介紹了利用環(huán)境能量采集裝置自主研制毫米波智能傳感器的幾種新概念。利用傳感器周圍的能量可以提供產(chǎn)品供電的壽命。能量收集技術(shù)被用于大規(guī)模應(yīng)用，如太陽能面板安裝和風電場。但是，能量收集也可用于極小型設(shè)備，如本文所演示的那樣。光被轉(zhuǎn)換成電能，儲存在可充電的固態(tài)電池中并傳遞給傳感器系統(tǒng)。沒有傳統(tǒng)的電池可以更換，設(shè)備可以放在任何地方。

　　本文是基于2011年提出的傳感器，一立方毫米的能源自主無線眼內(nèi)壓力監(jiān)測。

　　作者：Gregory Chen，Hassan Ghaed，Razi ul Haque，Michael Wieckowski，Yejoong Kim，Gyouho Kim，David Fick，Daeyeon Kim，Mingoo Seok，Kensall Wise，David Blaauw，來自密歇根大學(xué)，安娜堡Dennis Sylvester，米河

　　This University of Michigan ISSCC paper describes an Intra-Ocular Pressure Monitor （IOPM） device that is implanted in the eye of a glaucoma patient. The most suitable implantation location is the anterior chamber of the eye， which is surgically accessible and out of the field of vision. The IOPM volume is limited to 1.5 cubic millimeters. This aggressive IOPM size constraint creates major challenges for achieving high-resolution capacitance measurements， wireless communication， and multi-year device lifetime. Little energy can be stored on the tiny IOPM system， calling for ultra-low power operation and energy harvesting. The required millimeter antennas or inductors result in lower received power and higher transmission frequency， both increasing micro-system power. The IOPM harvests solar energy that enters the eye through the transparent cornea to achieve energy autonomy. The IOPM contains an integrated solar cell， EnerChip? thin-film Li battery， MEMS capacitive sensor， and integrated circuits vertically assembled in a biocompatible glass housing as shown in Figure 1. The circuits include a wireless transceiver， capacitance to digital converter （CDC）， DC-DC switched capacitor network （SCN）， microcontroller （μP）， and memory fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS.