1 Introduction
1.1 MOTIVATION
1.2 SUMMARY OF BOOK
1.3 BOOK ORGANIZATION
REFERENCES
2 Frequency Synthesizer for Wireless Applications
2.1 DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS
2.2 PHASE NOISE AND TIMING JITTER
2.2.1 Phase noise and spurious tone 8
2.2.2 Timing jitter
2.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
2.3.1 Direct analog frequency synthesizer 14
2.3.2 Direct digital frequency synthesizer3 PLL Frequency Synthesizer 31
3.1 PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER BASICS
3.1.1 Basic building blocks of charge-pump PLL
3.1.2 Continuous-time linear phase analysis
3.1.3 Locking time
3.1.4 Tracking and acquisition
3.2 FAST-LOCKING TECHNIQUES
3.2.1 Bandwidth gear-shifting
3.2.2 VCO pre-tuning
3.3 DISCRETE-TIME ANALYSIS AND NONLINEAR MODELING
z-domain transfer function and stability analysis
Nonlinear dynamic behavior modeling
3.4 DESIGN EXAMPLE: 2.4GHZ INTEGER-N PLL FOR BLUETOOTH
REFERENCES
4 Fractional-N PLL Synthesizer 69
4.1 FRACTIONAL-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
4.1.1 quantization noise to phase noise mapping
4.1.2 quantization noise to timing jitter mapping
4.2 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIGITAL MODULATORS
4.2.1 Design considerations
4.2.2 Four types of digital modulators
4.2.3 Summary of comparative study
4.3 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF
4.3.1 Direct digital modulation
4.3.2 Frequency-to-digital conversion
4.4 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF
4.5 DESIGN EXAMPLE: 900MHz FOR GSM
REFERENCES
5 Enhanced Phase Switching Prescaler 103
5.1 PRESCALER ARCHITECTURE
Conventional prescaler
Phase switching prescaler
Injection-locked prescaler
Summary and comparison of prescalers
ENHANCED PHASE-SWITCHING PRESCALER
CIRCUIT DESIGN AND SIMULATION RESULTS Eight 45°-spaced phases generation
8-to-1 multiplexer
Switching control circuit
Asynchronous frequency divider
5.4 DELAY BUDGET IN THE SWITCHING CONTROL LOOP
2.3.3 PLL-based frequency synthesizer
2.3.4 DLL-based frequency synthesizer
2.3.5 Hybrid frequency synthesizer
2.3.6 Summary and comparison of synthesizers
2.4 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER FOR WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS
2.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF PLL AND FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
REFERENCES