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化工工藝流程圖閥門程序設計
提要:本文針對化工工藝流程圖CAD閥門繪制程序設計，探討CAD在化工工藝設計中的運用。文后提供的程序清單可在AutoCAD R12中文環境下運行，對化工工藝設計CAD二次開發提供經驗與技巧。
CAD技術已廣泛應用于各專業設計，但在化工工藝設計領域內商品化軟件不足，這就需要各設計單位自行開發應用軟件以適應CAD技術的發展.本文提供的閥門繪制程序是在AutoCAD二次開發的化工工藝計算機輔助設計CPCAD系統中的一個獨立程序，它以AutoLisp語言編寫，功能全，使用方便，具有可讀性及一定的技巧。
● 閥門繪制要求
在AutoCAD上繪制閥門，要求于已存在的工藝管道上據閥門類型自動按一定的比例顯示，圖紙輸出時的尺寸符合專業制圖要求，(原因是不可能根據閥門的實際尺寸與其它化工設備按同一比例繪圖) 并自動切斷管道線，同時判斷管線與水平方向的夾角，可取代AutoCAD的copy。閥門型式全，層自動設置并不受原當前層的影響。
● 程序簡介
該程序針對以上要求，提供11種常用閥型，可方便地進行選擇.如需其它類型，可對源程序簡單地修改補充。
1.主控程序
在主控程序中，(if (and (/= *bl nil) (/= *dwgscale nil))判斷變量*bl及*dwgscal是否存在.如不存在程序不再執行，因此需在ACAD.LSP中加載或在command下賦值(注:*bl=*dwgscale)。如(setq *bl 100) (setq *dwgscale 100)，100為繪圖比例。Progn語句段完成圖層設置，下面的缺省值設計讀者可自行分析，具有通用性和一定的技巧。
2.閥門程序的公用子程序
該部分是程序的核心.閥門長度的賦值是繪圖比例的5倍，當以相同比例輸出時其長度為5mm。法蘭的繪制是可選擇的。當提示閥心位置時，選擇line實體，程序可就選擇的line實體的起點和終點坐標計算該線與水平方向的夾角，同時求出各繪制點的極坐標。需要強調的是對Pline折線不適用，其原因是起點與終點的連線和要繪閥門不一致。(一般地，如需粗線可在出圖時對繪圖儀的參數進行設置)該子程序中又調用法蘭設計子程序，這是AutoLisp允許的，而且是一很好的功能。
3.其它子程序相對簡單，不再介紹。
●.附源程序清單VA
(defun *ERROR* (st)
(menucmd "s=s")
(command "osnap" "none")
(command "layer" "s" cl "")
(setvar "regenmode" 1)
(princ st)
(terpri)
)
(defun qs （）
(setq fc (* 5.0 *bl))
(menucmd "s=s")
(initget "Y N")
(if (not *yffl) (setq *yffl "N"))
(princ "\n有否法蘭: [ Y/N ]< ")
(princ *yffl)
(setq fl (getkword " >"))
(if (not fl) (setq fl *yffl) (setq *yffl fl))
) (defun dfw ( )
(command "OSNAP" "NEAR")
(setq e1 (entsel "\n閥心位置:"))
(command "osnap" "none")
(defun gy（）
(setq zx (cadr e1)
e2 (entget (car e1))
p01 (cdr (assoc 10 e2))
p02 (cdr (assoc 11 e2))
zj (+ (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi) (angle p01 p02))
l1 (/ fc 1.732)
l2 (/ l1 1.0)
p1 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 2.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p2 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p3 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 4.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p4 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 5.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p11 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) (* 0.867 l2))
p21 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 2.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1))
p22 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1))
p23 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 4.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1))
p24 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 5.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1)))；setq
(flsz)
(command "break" p32 p33 )
)
(defun qf ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p21 p1 p2 p22 ""
"line" p23 p3 p4 p24 ""
"circle" zx (* 0.48 l1))；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun jz ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 "")
(dfw)
(PRINC)
)
)
(defun *** ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq l3 (/ l2 2)
p7 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 1.0) pi)) l3)
p8 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 0.0 1.0) pi)) l3))；setq
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"line" p7 p8 "" )；command
(dfw)
(PRINC))；while
)
(defun dx ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"solid" zx p3 p4 "" "")；command
(xzjd)
(command "rotate" "c" p2 p3 "" zx zj)
(dfw)
)
(PRINC)
)
(defun xzjd（）
(initget "Y N")
(if (not *xz) (setq *xz "N"))
(princ "\n鏡像旋轉: [ Y/N ]< ")
(princ *xz)
(setq xz (getkword " >"))
(if (not xz) (setq xz *xz) (setq *xz xz))
(if (= xz "N") (setq zj 0.0) (setq zj 180.0))
) (defun xs ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"donut" 0 (* 0.8 l1) zx "")；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun jl ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"solid" zx p3 p4 "" ""
"solid" zx p1 p2 "" "")；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun jy ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p3 p4 p2 p1 ""
"line" p3 p11 p4 "")；command
(xzjd)
(command "rotate" "c" p2 p3 "" zx zj)
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun gm ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq p44 (polar zx (+ zj (* 0.0 pi)) (* 0.6 l1)))
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"arc" p24 p44 p22)；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
) (defun df ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p3 p4 p2 p1 ""
"circle" zx (* 0.5 l1))；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun ss ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq p55 (polar zx (* 0.25 pi) (* 0.45 fc))
p56 (polar zx (* 1.25 pi) (* 0.45 fc))
p57 (polar zx (* 1.25 pi) (* 0.225 fc)))；setq
(command "pline" p57 "w" (* 0.45 fc) "" "a" "ce" zx "a" 180 ""
"line" p55 p56 ""
"circle" zx (* 0.45 fc) )；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun kz ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq k1 (polar zx zj (* l2 0.7))
kzx (polar zx zj (* l2 0.35))
k2 (polar k1 (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) (/ l2 2.0))
k3 (polar k1 (+ zj (* (/ 3.0 2.0) pi)) (/ l2 2.0))
k4 (polar k1 zj (/ l2 2.0)))；setq
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"line" k2 k3 ""
"line" k1 zx ""
"arc" k2 k4 k3)；command
(xzjd)
(command "rotate" "c" kzx k4 "" zx zj)
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun flsz（）
(if (= fl "Y")
(progn
(setq p32 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ -1.0 2.0) pi)) (* 3.0 *bl))
p33 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) (* 3.0 *bl))
pf1 (polar p32 (+ zj (* 0.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1))
pf2 (polar p32 (+ zj (* 1.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1))
pf3 (polar p33 (+ zj (* 1.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1))
pf4 (polar p33 (+ zj (* 0.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1)))；setq
(command "break" p32 p33 "line" pf1 pf2 ""
"line" pf3 pf4 "")；command
)；progn
(setq p32 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ -1.0 2.0) pi)) l2)
p33 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) l2))；setq
)；if
(princ)
)
(defun va( )
(if (and (/= *bl nil) (/= *dwgscale nil))
(progn
(setvar "cmdecho" 0)
(setvar "regenmode" 0)
(setq cl (getvar "clayer"))
(command "blipmode" "off"
"fill" "on"
"layer" "m" "va" "s" "va"
"lt" "continuous" "" "c" "green" "" "")；command
(initget "Q Z J D X L Y G W S K")
(if (not *fm) (setq *fm "J"))
(princ "\n球Q/閘Z/截J/單D/旋X/節L/減Y/隔G/蝶W/疏S/控K < ")
(princ *fm)
(setq fm (getkword " >:"))
(if (not fm) (setq fm *fm) (setq *fm fm))
(cond ((= fm "Q") (qs) (dfw) (qf))
((= fm "Z") (qs) (dfw) (***))
((= fm "J") (qs) (dfw) (jz))
((= fm "D") (qs) (dfw) (dx))
((= fm "X") (qs) (dfw) (xs))
((= fm "L") (qs) (dfw) (jl))
((= fm "Y") (qs) (dfw) (jy))
((= fm "G") (qs) (dfw) (gm))
((= fm "W") (qs) (dfw) (df))
((= fm "S") (qs) (dfw) (ss))
((= fm "K") (qs) (dfw) (kz)))；cond
(command "layer" "s" cl "")
(setvar "regenmode" 1)
(princ)
)
)
)；end
(va)
princ)
)
)
)；end
(va)
提要:本文針對化工工藝流程圖CAD閥門繪制程序設計，探討CAD在化工工藝設計中的運用。文后提供的程序清單可在AutoCAD R12中文環境下運行，對化工工藝設計CAD二次開發提供經驗與技巧。
CAD技術已廣泛應用于各專業設計，但在化工工藝設計領域內商品化軟件不足，這就需要各設計單位自行開發應用軟件以適應CAD技術的發展.本文提供的閥門繪制程序是在AutoCAD二次開發的化工工藝計算機輔助設計CPCAD系統中的一個獨立程序，它以AutoLisp語言編寫，功能全，使用方便，具有可讀性及一定的技巧。
● 閥門繪制要求
在AutoCAD上繪制閥門，要求于已存在的工藝管道上據閥門類型自動按一定的比例顯示，圖紙輸出時的尺寸符合專業制圖要求，(原因是不可能根據閥門的實際尺寸與其它化工設備按同一比例繪圖) 并自動切斷管道線，同時判斷管線與水平方向的夾角，可取代AutoCAD的copy。閥門型式全，層自動設置并不受原當前層的影響。
● 程序簡介
該程序針對以上要求，提供11種常用閥型，可方便地進行選擇.如需其它類型，可對源程序簡單地修改補充。
1.主控程序
在主控程序中，(if (and (/= *bl nil) (/= *dwgscale nil))判斷變量*bl及*dwgscal是否存在.如不存在程序不再執行，因此需在ACAD.LSP中加載或在command下賦值(注:*bl=*dwgscale)。如(setq *bl 100) (setq *dwgscale 100)，100為繪圖比例。Progn語句段完成圖層設置，下面的缺省值設計讀者可自行分析，具有通用性和一定的技巧。
2.閥門程序的公用子程序
該部分是程序的核心.閥門長度的賦值是繪圖比例的5倍，當以相同比例輸出時其長度為5mm。法蘭的繪制是可選擇的。當提示閥心位置時，選擇line實體，程序可就選擇的line實體的起點和終點坐標計算該線與水平方向的夾角，同時求出各繪制點的極坐標。需要強調的是對Pline折線不適用，其原因是起點與終點的連線和要繪閥門不一致。(一般地，如需粗線可在出圖時對繪圖儀的參數進行設置)該子程序中又調用法蘭設計子程序，這是AutoLisp允許的，而且是一很好的功能。
3.其它子程序相對簡單，不再介紹。
●.附源程序清單VA
(defun *ERROR* (st)
(menucmd "s=s")
(command "osnap" "none")
(command "layer" "s" cl "")
(setvar "regenmode" 1)
(princ st)
(terpri)
)
(defun qs （）
(setq fc (* 5.0 *bl))
(menucmd "s=s")
(initget "Y N")
(if (not *yffl) (setq *yffl "N"))
(princ "\n有否法蘭: [ Y/N ]< ")
(princ *yffl)
(setq fl (getkword " >"))
(if (not fl) (setq fl *yffl) (setq *yffl fl))
) (defun dfw ( )
(command "OSNAP" "NEAR")
(setq e1 (entsel "\n閥心位置:"))
(command "osnap" "none")
(defun gy（）
(setq zx (cadr e1)
e2 (entget (car e1))
p01 (cdr (assoc 10 e2))
p02 (cdr (assoc 11 e2))
zj (+ (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi) (angle p01 p02))
l1 (/ fc 1.732)
l2 (/ l1 1.0)
p1 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 2.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p2 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p3 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 4.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p4 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 5.0 3.0) pi)) l2)
p11 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) (* 0.867 l2))
p21 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 2.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1))
p22 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1))
p23 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 4.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1))
p24 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 5.0 3.0) pi)) (* 0.48 l1)))；setq
(flsz)
(command "break" p32 p33 )
)
(defun qf ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p21 p1 p2 p22 ""
"line" p23 p3 p4 p24 ""
"circle" zx (* 0.48 l1))；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun jz ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 "")
(dfw)
(PRINC)
)
)
(defun *** ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq l3 (/ l2 2)
p7 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 1.0) pi)) l3)
p8 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 0.0 1.0) pi)) l3))；setq
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"line" p7 p8 "" )；command
(dfw)
(PRINC))；while
)
(defun dx ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"solid" zx p3 p4 "" "")；command
(xzjd)
(command "rotate" "c" p2 p3 "" zx zj)
(dfw)
)
(PRINC)
)
(defun xzjd（）
(initget "Y N")
(if (not *xz) (setq *xz "N"))
(princ "\n鏡像旋轉: [ Y/N ]< ")
(princ *xz)
(setq xz (getkword " >"))
(if (not xz) (setq xz *xz) (setq *xz xz))
(if (= xz "N") (setq zj 0.0) (setq zj 180.0))
) (defun xs ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"donut" 0 (* 0.8 l1) zx "")；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun jl ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"solid" zx p3 p4 "" ""
"solid" zx p1 p2 "" "")；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun jy ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p3 p4 p2 p1 ""
"line" p3 p11 p4 "")；command
(xzjd)
(command "rotate" "c" p2 p3 "" zx zj)
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun gm ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq p44 (polar zx (+ zj (* 0.0 pi)) (* 0.6 l1)))
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"arc" p24 p44 p22)；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
) (defun df ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(command "line" p1 p3 p4 p2 p1 ""
"circle" zx (* 0.5 l1))；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun ss ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq p55 (polar zx (* 0.25 pi) (* 0.45 fc))
p56 (polar zx (* 1.25 pi) (* 0.45 fc))
p57 (polar zx (* 1.25 pi) (* 0.225 fc)))；setq
(command "pline" p57 "w" (* 0.45 fc) "" "a" "ce" zx "a" 180 ""
"line" p55 p56 ""
"circle" zx (* 0.45 fc) )；command
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun kz ( )
(while e1
(gy)
(setq k1 (polar zx zj (* l2 0.7))
kzx (polar zx zj (* l2 0.35))
k2 (polar k1 (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) (/ l2 2.0))
k3 (polar k1 (+ zj (* (/ 3.0 2.0) pi)) (/ l2 2.0))
k4 (polar k1 zj (/ l2 2.0)))；setq
(command "line" p1 p2 p3 p4 p1 ""
"line" k2 k3 ""
"line" k1 zx ""
"arc" k2 k4 k3)；command
(xzjd)
(command "rotate" "c" kzx k4 "" zx zj)
(dfw)
)；while
(PRINC)
)
(defun flsz（）
(if (= fl "Y")
(progn
(setq p32 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ -1.0 2.0) pi)) (* 3.0 *bl))
p33 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) (* 3.0 *bl))
pf1 (polar p32 (+ zj (* 0.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1))
pf2 (polar p32 (+ zj (* 1.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1))
pf3 (polar p33 (+ zj (* 1.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1))
pf4 (polar p33 (+ zj (* 0.0 pi)) (* 0.5 l1)))；setq
(command "break" p32 p33 "line" pf1 pf2 ""
"line" pf3 pf4 "")；command
)；progn
(setq p32 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ -1.0 2.0) pi)) l2)
p33 (polar zx (+ zj (* (/ 1.0 2.0) pi)) l2))；setq
)；if
(princ)
)
(defun va( )
(if (and (/= *bl nil) (/= *dwgscale nil))
(progn
(setvar "cmdecho" 0)
(setvar "regenmode" 0)
(setq cl (getvar "clayer"))
(command "blipmode" "off"
"fill" "on"
"layer" "m" "va" "s" "va"
"lt" "continuous" "" "c" "green" "" "")；command
(initget "Q Z J D X L Y G W S K")
(if (not *fm) (setq *fm "J"))
(princ "\n球Q/閘Z/截J/單D/旋X/節L/減Y/隔G/蝶W/疏S/控K < ")
(princ *fm)
(setq fm (getkword " >:"))
(if (not fm) (setq fm *fm) (setq *fm fm))
(cond ((= fm "Q") (qs) (dfw) (qf))
((= fm "Z") (qs) (dfw) (***))
((= fm "J") (qs) (dfw) (jz))
((= fm "D") (qs) (dfw) (dx))
((= fm "X") (qs) (dfw) (xs))
((= fm "L") (qs) (dfw) (jl))
((= fm "Y") (qs) (dfw) (jy))
((= fm "G") (qs) (dfw) (gm))
((= fm "W") (qs) (dfw) (df))
((= fm "S") (qs) (dfw) (ss))
((= fm "K") (qs) (dfw) (kz)))；cond
(command "layer" "s" cl "")
(setvar "regenmode" 1)
(princ)
)
)
)；end
(va)
princ)
)
)
)；end
(va)
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